It was the work of the Supernova Cosmology Project and High-Z Supernova Search Team whose competing studies of the deceleration parameter using Type Ia supernova gave us a glimpse of the ultimate fate of the universe. Their discovery of Dark Energy, the cosmic negative pressure that’s pushing the universe apart was confirmed by NASA’s WMAP and ESA’s Planck Microwave Satellites. The data is now completely in, and the results and implications are astonishing. Dark energy may, in fact, be Phantom Energy, which will cause a Big Rip as the universe accelerates exponentially in its expansion. There could also be a grand heat death of the cosmos where it just gets larger and darker and colder for all time. Supplement the videos with OpenStax Astronomy 29: The Big Bang Deceleration parameter Type Ia supernova Supernova Cosmology Project High-Z Supernova Search Team Planck Microwave Satellite Dark Energy Dark Energy Phantom Energy Ultimate fate of the universe Heat death of the universe The Big Rip Graphical timeline from Big Bang to Heat Death Planck 2018 results. VI. Cosmological parameters Equation of state (cosmology) 0:00 Introduction 0:36 General Relativity and the Cosmos 1:24 The Fate of the Universe depends on its contents. 4:08 Matter-Dominated Toy Universes 4:44 How the Scale Factor varies with Time 5:19 Redshift Measures the Change in Size 7:18 Approximating the Change of the Scale Factor 11:02 Deceleration Parameter Defined 14:04 Acceleration Equation for the Cosmic Expansion 21:40 What is the matter density of the Universe? 25:08 1990's Cosmology: Expansion Forever? 26:22 So how does one actually measure the Deceleration? 30:57 Doing the Great Deed With Standard Candles 36:07 All type la Supernovae are the Same(ish) 39:15 Extragalactic Distance Modulus using Redshift 41:04 Distant Type la Supernovae 44:07 What about a Cosmological Constant Ag? 48:36 Find their home galaxy's redshift 49:52 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics 52:06 What is Dark Energy?